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            What happened in dual-use and defence tech that mattered? And what did it mean?   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏
        
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      <p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>NEWS</strong></p><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>UK government buys counter-drone laser</strong></p><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">The UK government <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cr4345k05z3o" rel="nofollow" style="color:#1d8fb4 !important;">has awarded</a> a contract to fund a new laser that can shoot down high-speed drones. The £316m will be used to develop MBDA’s DragonFire laser at its UK headquarters in Stevenage.</p><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">With low-cost drones now ubiquitous on the modern battlefield, and indeed making appearances at European airports and military bases, the race is on to find economically viable countermeasures. The DragonFire laser system apparently costs £10 per shot. That is cheap, but its form factor appears more suited to a ship or permanent military installation. And a laser is hard to use in urban areas or civilian airspaces. So this is no a silver bullet.</p><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">The proliferation of weaponised drones beyond Ukraine appears to be gathering speed. Mexican and Colombian cartels have already been using them to increasing effect, and Brazilian gangs have been using them against police.</p><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">What seems certain is that the counter-UAS market is bigger than we think. A lot bigger. I see a future where C-UAS forms part of standard security for airports, military bases, stadiums, electricity sub stations, government buildings, etc. The list goes on and on.</p><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">And there will be no single dominant form factor. Lasers, directed energy and interceptors will all have a place. And in some scenarios a suite of capabilities will be necessary. What I haven’t seen yet is an OS platform which can bring together those disparate systems.</p><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Meanwhile, I wrote last week that Belgian authorities were probably googling C-UAS systems after a spate of sightings at airports and military bases. That turned out to be true - they just bought counter-drone technology made in Latvia.</p><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;height:1.618em;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></p><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>China develops counter-AI playbook</strong></p><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">China has apparently <a href="https://www.defenseone.com/threats/2025/11/chinas-emerging-counter-ai-warfare-playbook/409757/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#1d8fb4 !important;">been developing</a> a counter-AI warfare playbook, using force-on-force training to understand how an opponent may use AI deception. The People’s Liberation Army is apparently learning to change how vehicles appear to cameras, radar, and heat sensors so that AI misidentifies them.</p><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">China seems to be ahead of the curve with this. I don’t know of any other military which is actively deploying counter-AI technologies in training scenarios. Earlier this year DARPA put out a <a href="https://www.darpa.mil/research/programs/saber-securing-artificial-intelligence" rel="nofollow" style="color:#1d8fb4 !important;">call</a> for counter-AI camouflage, so it is clearly something the US is thinking about. But seemingly nobody else.</p><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">AI is already being used in Ukraine, most notably as part of the terminal guidance technology used by drones. This enables them to conduct the final strike element of the mission even in jammed environments.</p><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">But China is thinking about a more sophisticated battlefield scenario, where algorithms are deployed against algorithms. In that world, the side that can confuse and mislead the other’s model gains a decisive edge. China intends to win an AI-against-AI war before the rules have even been written.</p><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Chinese companies have now begun to create counter-AI products in the categories of physical deception, electronic warfare, and software. I suspect we may soon see a similar market in the West.</p><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;height:1.618em;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></p><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>France announces €4.2bn in space funding</strong></p><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">French President Emmanuel Macron <a href="https://breakingdefense.com/2025/11/france-announces-almost-5b-in-new-military-space-funding/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#1d8fb4 !important;">announced</a> a planned increase of €4.2bn in military space spending between 2026 and 2030.</p><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Starting in 2027 France will launch patrol satellites built to monitor, inspect, and, if necessary, counter threats in orbit. These will be supported by space-based lasers, jammers, and the largest ground-based LEO-tracking radar system in Europe.</p><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This announcement follows the recent news that the European Space Agency (ESA) is poised to take on a defence role (despite having resisted that idea in the 50 years since its founding). France clearly doesn’t have a lot of confidence that it will fulfil that role.</p><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">The French pivot to space resilience and counter-space operations sends a broader message - space is no longer a sanctuary, it is contested terrain. France is betting its future on a posture of readiness rather than reliance.</p><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">It will be interesting to see whether this triggers similar moves across the continent. Not just from the likes of Germany and the UK, but from defence neoprimes looking to build the hardware behind Europe’s next-gen orbital deterrent.</p><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Meanwhile, Eutelsat <a href="https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20251118386338/en/Eutelsat-Launches-a-%E2%82%AC828-million-Reserved-Capital-Increase-Representing-the-First-Step-in-Its-Comprehensive-Financing-Strategy" rel="nofollow" style="color:#1d8fb4 !important;">announced</a> an €828m capital raise, as it moves to build a LEO broadband constellation. The French are taking space seriously.</p><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;height:1.618em;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></p><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>FUNDRAISING</strong></p><ul data-rte-list="default" style="padding-left:25px;"><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>Nest AI</strong>, a Finnish developer of AI products for use in unmanned vehicles, emerged from stealth and <a href="https://techcrunch.com/2025/11/20/finlands-nestai-lands-e100m-partners-with-nokia-to-build-ai-for-defense-applications/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#1d8fb4 !important;">raised</a> a €100m round led by Finland’s sovereign fund, Tesi, and Nokia.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>Infinite Orbits</strong>, a French company servicing GEO satellites, <a href="https://pulse2.com/infinite-orbits-e40-million-secured-to-advance-european-in-orbit-servicing-leadership/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#1d8fb4 !important;">raised</a> a €40m round from the&nbsp;<strong>European Innovation Council Fund</strong> and others.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>Twenty</strong>, an American company that helps military hackers automate ways to identify and penetrate target computer networks, emerged from stealth and <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-11-20/cyber-warfare-startup-nabs-contracts-to-give-us-military-hackers-ai-tools" rel="nofollow" style="color:#1d8fb4 !important;">raised</a> a $38m Series A led by&nbsp;<strong>Caffeinated Capital</strong>.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>Vyntelligence</strong>, a British developer of agentic video intelligence technology, <a href="https://businesscloud.co.uk/news/vyntelligence-secures-23m-pe-injection-to-fuel-us-expansion/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#1d8fb4 !important;">raised</a> a $30m Series B led by&nbsp;<strong>Blume Equity</strong>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<strong>Morgan Stanley</strong>‘s&nbsp;<strong>1GT</strong>&nbsp;climate strategy fund.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>HyPrSpace</strong>, a French developer of space launch technology, with a launch vehicle entitled Baguette One, <a href="https://payloadspace.com/hyprspace-e21m-series-a-paves-a-pathway-to-launch/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#1d8fb4 !important;">raised</a> a €21m Series A led by <strong>Red River West</strong> and <strong>DeepTech Plan</strong>.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>Quindar</strong>, an American developer of cloud-baed ground systems for satellite operators, <a href="https://spacenews.com/quindar-raises-18-million-to-scale-satellite-operations-software/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#1d8fb4 !important;">raised</a> an $18m Series A led by <strong>Washington Harbour</strong>.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>Aris Machina</strong>, a Swedish company developing the ‘OS for factories’ and founded by former Northolt CEO Peter Carlsson, emerged from stealth and <a href="https://www.techinasia.com/news/ex-swedish-ev-battery-firm-execs-launch-ai-firm-in-manufacturingex-swedish-ev-battery-firm-execs-launch-ai-firm-in-manufacturing" rel="nofollow" style="color:#1d8fb4 !important;">raised</a> a $10m pre-seed led by&nbsp;<strong>Earlybird Venture Capital</strong>.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>Maritime Fusion</strong>, an American developer of ship-based fusion reactor using high-temperature superconducting magnets, <a href="https://techcrunch.com/2025/11/24/this-startup-wants-to-build-a-fusion-reactor-on-a-boat/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#1d8fb4 !important;">raised</a> a $4.5m seed round led by <strong>Trucks VC</strong>.</p></li><li style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>QSimulate</strong>, an American developer of quantum simulation technology, <a href="https://cen.acs.org/business/start-ups/Quantum-simulation-company-raises-cash/103/web/2025/11?sc=230901_cenrssfeed_eng_latestnewsrss_cen#058d37e0-3203-4dee-8efe-4aa51ffa9049" rel="nofollow" style="color:#1d8fb4 !important;">raised</a> a seed round led by <strong>Embark Ventures</strong>. Its total funding is now $11m.</p></li></ul><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;height:1.618em;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;text-align:center;" class=""></p><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;text-align:center;" class="">Thank you for reading this newsletter.</p>
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