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            What happened in dual-use and defence tech that mattered? And what did it mean?   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏   ͏
        
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<table role="presentation" width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" bgcolor="transparent" class="text-section section-content">
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      <p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>NEWS</strong></p><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:200%;margin-bottom:12pt;" class=""><strong>US used kamikaze drones in Venezuela</strong></p><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:200%;margin-bottom:12pt;" class="">Footage has <a href="https://www.youtube.com/shorts/0m4TwI2Slr0" rel="nofollow" style="color:#1d8fb4 !important;">emerged</a> from Venezuela of Shahed-style UAVs striking targets during the operation to capture Maduro. These are likely to be American LUCAS (low-cost uncrewed combat attack system) drones, although the Pentagon has refused to confirm it.</p><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:200%;margin-bottom:12pt;" class="">LUCAS is an American-made kamikaze drone reverse-engineered from an Iranian Shahed-136. In fact, the delta wing design dates back to West Germany’s DAR (Dornier Die Drone Antiradar) project from the 1980s, a radar-hunting drone which was discontinued after the collapse of the Soviet Union.</p><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:200%;margin-bottom:12pt;" class="">Although this isn’t the first time the LUCAS has been fired in anger, its use as part of a complex combined arms operation is a first. It seems Western military tactics are now explicitly incorporating technology proven in Ukraine (in this instance on the Russian side).</p><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:200%;margin-bottom:12pt;" class="">In times gone by America might have fired a few Tomahawk missiles, at a cost of $1m each. The LUCAS is thought to cost about $35k - an embodiment of the <em>attritable mass</em> concept that defence officials like to talk about.</p><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:200%;margin-bottom:12pt;" class="">The Americans have been quick, and unabashed, in their copying of the Shahed drone. Now the European defence spending taps are open, it will be interesting to see if we take the same approach.</p><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;height:1.618em;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class=""></p><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>China turns cargo ship into drone aircraft carrier</strong></p><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:200%;margin-bottom:6pt;" class="">A Chinese cargo ship is <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-cargo-ship-drone-carrier" rel="nofollow" style="color:#1d8fb4 !important;">being used</a> to test a ship-mounted electromagnetic aircraft launch system capable of launching large, fixed-wing combat drones.</p><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:200%;margin-bottom:6pt;" class="">This is an intriguing bit of signalling from China, which is very deliberate in its dissemination of imagery of novel military technology. It is very obviously not a mature capability, so the PLA is communicating its willingness to experiment rather than technological sophistication.</p><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:200%;margin-bottom:6pt;" class="">Westerns navies have been testing UAVs at sea for years, but not with large CCAs (collaborative combat aircraft) or with dedicated drone-carrying ships.  </p><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:200%;margin-bottom:6pt;" class="">Where before gentlemen wearing aviators and sheepskin leather jackets boldly piloted the most advanced technology in existence, taking off and landing on tiny swaying runways, now dogfights might be fought by goggle-wearing  controllers, tucked away in an ops room somewhere below deck.</p><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:200%;margin-bottom:6pt;" class="">Meanwhile Hanwha, a Korean defence prime, and Havoc AI, an American developer of USVs, have <a href="https://www.tectonicdefense.com/hanwha-and-havoc-team-up-to-build-a-mega-asv/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#1d8fb4 !important;">partnered</a> to develop a 200ft uncrewed ship. </p><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:200%;margin-bottom:6pt;" class="">Hanwha is moving very aggressively into foreign defence markets. It is helping to dig the US out of its shipbuilding crisis by creating the Hanwha Philly Shipyard, and is increasingly present in European defence - most notably in Poland. The look and feel of maritime power is changing quickly.</p><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;height:1.618em;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></p><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>China achieves quantum error correction with microwaves</strong></p><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:200%;margin-bottom:6pt;" class="">Chinese researchers <a href="https://thequantuminsider.com/2025/12/26/china-demonstrates-quantum-error-correction-using-microwaves-narrowing-gap-with-google/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#1d8fb4 !important;">demonstrated</a> fault-tolerant quantum error correction using an all-microwave control approach, marking the first such result outside the US and narrowing the gap with Google.</p><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:200%;margin-bottom:6pt;" class="">One of my predictions for 2026 was that a leading quantum computing company would demonstrate 200+ logical qubits (so far the record is 48, achieved by Microsoft &amp; Quantinuum in 2024). I had lazily assumed that this would be achieved by a Western quantum computing company, but the news coming out of China makes me think twice.</p><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:200%;margin-bottom:6pt;" class="">Good error correction is one of two or three elements that will unlock <em>useful</em> quantum computing. In 2025 Google used its 105-qubit <em>Willow</em> processor to demonstrate exponentially reduced error rates as the system scaled up, a critical milestone known as operating <em>below threshold</em>. That, in large part, drove my prediction for 2026.</p><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;line-height:200%;margin-bottom:6pt;" class="">As in defence tech, in quantum China continues to challenge the West’s claim to dominance.</p><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;height:1.618em;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></p><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>FUNDRAISING</strong></p><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class=""><strong>Harmattan AI</strong>, a French developer of autonomy and mission-system software for defence aircraft, <a href="https://techcrunch.com/2026/01/12/harmattan-ai-raises-200m-series-b-led-by-dassault-aviation-becomes-defense-unicorn/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#1d8fb4 !important;">raised</a> a €200m Series B led by <strong>Dassault Aviation</strong>.</p><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class=""><strong>Onebrief</strong>, an American developer of AI-driven collaborative planning software for military operations, raised a $200m Series D co-led by&nbsp;<strong>Battery Ventures&nbsp;</strong>and<strong>&nbsp;Sapphire Ventures</strong>.</p><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class=""><strong>Defense Unicorns</strong>, an American developer of software that securely delivers updates to disconnected military systems, raised a $136m Series B  at a $1+ billion valuation. The deal was led by <strong>Bain Capital</strong>.</p><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class=""><strong>Valinor Enterprises</strong>, an American  holding company for defence and government technology, <a href="https://www.axios.com/pro/all-deals/2026/01/08/valinor-enterprises-54-million-defense-tech" rel="nofollow" style="color:#1d8fb4 !important;">raised</a> a $54m Series A led by <strong>Friends &amp; Family Capital</strong>.</p><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class=""><strong>Qualinx</strong>, a Dutch developer of ultra-low-power satellite positioning chips, <a href="https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20260106204519/en/Qualinx-Raises-%E2%82%AC20M-to-Scale-Market-Ready-Ultra-Low-Power-GNSS-Chip-that-Redefines-the-Connected-Edge" rel="nofollow" style="color:#1d8fb4 !important;">raised</a> a $23.4m round led by&nbsp;<strong>Invest-NL</strong>.</p><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class=""><strong>Terra Industries</strong>, a Nigerian developer of autonomous systems, <a href="https://www.tectonicdefense.com/exclusive-terra-industries-raises-11-7m-seed-round-to-build-africas-first-defense-prime/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#1d8fb4 !important;">raised</a> an $11.8m seed round led by <strong>8VC</strong>.</p><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class=""><strong>Haiqu</strong>, an American developer of software designed to run practical applications on today’s quantum hardware, raised an $11m seed round led by&nbsp;<strong>Primary Venture Partners</strong>.</p><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class=""><strong>Vitrealab</strong>, an American developer of photonic chips for augmented reality displays, <a href="https://techfundingnews.com/austrian-startup-vitrealab-snaps-oversubscribed-11m-funding-as-ar-hardware-heats-up/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#1d8fb4 !important;">raised</a> an $11m Series A  co-led by <strong>LIFTT Italian Venture Capital&nbsp;</strong>and<strong>&nbsp;LIFTT EuroInvest</strong>.</p><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;text-align:justify;white-space:normal !important;" class=""><strong>Dirraqtion</strong>, an American developer of quantum-enabled cameras for space, <a href="https://payloadspace.com/quantum-imaging-startup-diffraqtion-emerges-from-stealth/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#1d8fb4 !important;">emerged from stealth</a> with a $4.2m pre-seed round led by <strong>QDNL</strong>.</p><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;height:1.618em;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;text-align:center;" class=""></p><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'Liberation Sans', 'Nimbus Sans L', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;text-align:center;" class="">Thank you for reading this newsletter.</p>
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